Effect-directed analysis for the antioxidant compound in Salvia verticillata

Salvia genus is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family. Its species have been used for a wide variety of disorders in the local traditional medicine systems. Therefore, the genus has been the subject of several phytochemical and biological studies. The aim of the study was to identify the major antioxidant compound[s] from the methanol extract of Salvia verticillata using activity-guided fractionation. The crude extract showed strong antioxidant activities in DPPH and beta-carotene/linoleic acid tests. The ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited a potent free radical scavenging activity compared to the other fractions. Further fractionation and purification of the ethyl acetate fraction using chromatography methods yielded a compound with high antioxidant capacity. The isolated active compound was determined as chrysoeriol. It showed a dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity with an IC[50] [DPPH scavenging] value of 93.32 [80.23 - 108.57] mM

TLC-Bioautography and GC-MS analyses for detection and identification of antioxidant constituents of trachyspermum copticum essential oil

The present work was designed to study the antioxidant activity and to identify the main active components of the essential oil of ajowan [Trachyspermum copticum] fruit. GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil showed the presence of eight compounds. The main constituents of the oil were thymol [43.7%], p-cymene [26.8%], and ?-terpinene [24.9%]. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of ajowan oil was evaluated by using ABTSo+ and Beta -carotene bleaching assays. The oil exhibited a considerable dose-dependent antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity guided fractionation of the oil was carried out by TLC-bioautography method based on the DPPHo assay to screen and separate the main active constituents. The bioautography screening and fractionation resulted in the separation of the main antioxidant compound which was identified as thymol

Assesment, treatment and prevention of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

Hemolytic uremic syndrome [HUS] is a heterogeneous group of hemolytic disorders. Different terminologies have been described in HUS, which are as follows: [1] D+ HUS: Presentation with a preceding diarrhea; [2] typical HUS: D+ HUS with a single and self-limited episode; [3] atypical HUS [aHUS]: Indicated those with complement dysregulation; [4] recurrent HUS: Recurrent episodes of thrombocytopenia and/or microangiopathic hemolytic anemia [MAHA] after improvement of hematologic abnormalities; and [5] familial HUS: Necessary to distinct synchronous outbreaks of D+ HUS in family members and asynchronous disease with an inherited risk factor. aHUS is one of the potential causes of end-stage renal disease [ESRD] in children. It has a high recurrence after renal transplantation [TP] in some genetic forms. Therefore, recognition of the responsible mechanism and proper prophylactic treatment are recommended to prevent or delay the occurrence of ESRD and prolong the length of survival of the transplanted kidney. A computerized search of MEDLINE and other databases was carried out to find the latest results in pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of aHUS

Prevention of renal damage by treating hyperuricemia

Nephrolithiasis, obstructive renal failure, essential hypertension, and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis have been considered as the renal complications of hyperuricemia. Massive proteinuria has been rarely reported as the primary manifestation of increased serum uric acid. This is the report of a child presented with proteinuira, hypertension, and glomerular scelrosis secondary to hypouricosuric hyperuricemia, who was treated by uric acid lowering management.

Fungal peritonitis in Iranian children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Fungal peritonitis [FP], causing catheter obstruction, dialysis failure, and peritoneal dysfunction, is a rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. In this study, the frequency and risk factors of FP are evaluated in children who underwent peritoneal dialysis. A retrospective multicenter study was performed at the 5 pediatric peritoneal dialysis centers in Iran from 1971 to 2006, and FP episodes among 93 children were reviewed. Risk ratios were calculated for the clinical and demographic variables to determine the risk factors of FP. Ninety-three children aged 39 months on average were included in study. Sixteen out of 155 episodes of peritonitis were fungi infections, all by Candida albicans. The risk of FP was higher in those with relapsing bacterial peritonitis [P = .009]. Also, all of the patients had received antibiotics within the 1 month prior to the development of FP. Catheters were removed in all patients after 1 to 7 days of developing FP. Six out of 12 patients had catheter obstruction and peritoneal loss after the treatment and 5 died due to infection. Fungal peritonitis, accompanied by high morbidity and mortality in children should be reduced by prevention of bacterial peritonitis. Early removal of catheter after recognition of FP should be considered

Congenital chloride diarrhea: a case report

Congenital chloride diarrhea [CCD] is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of intestinal chloride absorption. Pathognomonic features consist of watery diarrhea, failure to thrive, dehydration and hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. This is the report on an 8-month old Iranian girl with severe and complicated course of CCD and poor response to current treatment. In addition, she had a renal tubular defect in uric acid handling, resulted in persistent hyperuricosuria and hypouricemia. Specific characteristics of CCD in our population need additional investigation. But, it is recommended to consider CCD in any patient with severe resistant diarrhea to prevent its irreversible and long term organ damage